The 21st century water quality challenges for managed aquifer recharge: towards a risk-based regulatory approach.

Sustained environmental and human health protection is threatened by ~350,000 chemicals available in global markets, plus new biological entities including coronaviruses. These water-quality hazards challenge the proponents of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) who seek to ensure the integrity of groundwater. A risk-based regulatory framework accounting for groundwater quality changes, adoption in subsurface attenuation zones, and use of advanced monitoring methods is required to support confidence in the sustainability of MAR.

La protection durable de l'environnement et de la santé humaine est menacée par ~350,000 substances chimiques disponibles sur les marchés mondiaux, à quoi s'ajoutent de nouvelles entités biologiques, incluant les coronavirus. Ces risques sur la qualité de l'eau sont un défi pour les partisans de la recharge raisonnée des aquifères (RRA) qui cherchent à assurer l'intégrité des eaux souterraines. Un cadre réglementaire basé sur les risques, tenant compte des changements de qualité des eaux souterraines, de l'adoption de zones d'atténuation souterraine, de l'utilisation de méthodes de contrôle avancées, est nécessaire pour soutenir la confiance dans la durabilité de la RRA.

La sostenibilidad del medio ambiente y la protección de la salud humana se ve amenazada por unas 350,000 sustancias químicas disponibles en los mercados mundiales, además de nuevas entidades biológicas como el coronavirus. Estos peligros para la calidad del agua suponen un desafío para los defensores de la recarga gestionada de acuíferos (MAR), que pretenden garantizar la integridad de las aguas subterráneas. Se necesita un marco normativo basado en el riesgo que tenga en cuenta los cambios en la calidad de las aguas subterráneas, la incorporación a las zonas de atenuación del subsuelo y el uso de métodos avanzados de control para respaldar la confianza en la sostenibilidad de la recarga acuífera gestionada.

A proteção sustentável do meio ambiente e da saúde humana está ameaçada por cerca de 350,000 produtos químicos disponíveis nos mercados globais, além de novas entidades biológicas, incluindo coronavírus. Esses riscos de qualidade da água desafiam os proponentes da recarga gerenciada de aquíferos (RGA) que buscam garantir a integridade das águas subterrâneas. Uma estrutura regulatória baseada em risco que considere as mudanças na qualidade das águas subterrâneas, a adoção em zonas de atenuação do subsolo e o uso de métodos avançados de monitoramento são necessários para apoiar a confiança na sustentabilidade da RGA.

The 21st century water quality challenges for managed aquifer recharge: towards a risk-based regulatory approach Défis sur la qualité de l’eau au XX1 ème siècle pour une recharge gérée de l’aquifère: vers une approche de régulation basée sur les risques Los desafíos del siglo XXI en materia de calidad del agua para la recarga gestionada de acuíferos: hacia un enfoque normativo basado en el riesgo 21世纪地下水人工回补的水质挑战：含水层人工调控技术体系的风险管控法规 Os desafios da qualidade da água do século 21 para a recarga gerenciada de aquíferos: rumo a uma abordagem regulatória baseada em risco

Sustained environmental and human health protection is threatened by ~350,000 chemicals available in global markets, plus new biological entities including coronaviruses. These water-quality hazards challenge the proponents of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) who seek to ensure the integrity of groundwater. A risk-based regulatory framework accounting for groundwater quality changes, adoption in subsurface attenuation zones, and use of advanced monitoring methods is required to support confidence in the sustainability of MAR.

The Effects of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on Consumer Behaviour in Online Commerce: The Case of Cosmetics during the COVID-19 Pandemics

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a trend that manifests on a global level. The positive effects of CSR initiatives depend on the reaction of stakeholders, among which customers represent an important category. The purpose of this paper was to analyse the impact that CSR initiatives of cosmetics companies have on customer behaviour in both the short-term (buying intention) and the long-term (client loyalty) in the case of electronic commerce. Starting from the existing literature, the conceptual model proposed different dimensions of CSR as influencers (legal and ethical, philanthropic and community services, respect for environment, respect for consumers), and as mediators, which were considered as the brand trust and the competitive advantage of the company. The research method used was quantitative with the empirical data being collected from 1265 actual and potential consumers of cosmetic products. The hypotheses were tested using the partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The main findings illustrated positive relationships between CSR and both buying intention and client loyalty, as the two facets of consumer behaviour. The interpretation is that CSR activities can increase both the consumer intentions to buy cosmetics products provided by CSR-involved companies, and increase the long-term customer loyalty for these companies. The research also provided evidence for a strong mediation effect of brand trust for both sides of customer behaviour. This illustrates that when brand trust is higher the effect of CSR initiatives on customer behaviour increases. The paper includes theoretical and practical contributions associated to the results of the research.